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海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)-知识-有趣生活
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海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)

发布时间:2024-01-23阅读( 4)

导读水是生命之源,地球之所以可以成为有别于其他星球,充满生机活力,是因为这个星球上存在着大量的液态水,特别是海水。然而我们知道只有淡水才是适合动物直接饮用的,海....

水是生命之源,地球之所以可以成为有别于其他星球,充满生机活力,是因为这个星球上存在着大量的液态水,特别是海水。然而我们知道只有淡水才是适合动物直接饮用的,海水则喝起来十分的咸,不仅不解渴,还会加重渴感,那么海水为什么那么咸呢?

海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)(1)

而氢和氦极易聚集形成星云,例如我们的太阳就是由71%氢和27%的氦组成的恒星,但氢和氦不只组成一颗天体(或恒星),而是无数颗,天体之间相互产生了引力,就会形成引力坍缩,引起核聚变。

海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)(2)

重头戏来了,核聚变,顾名思义,原子核聚集到一起,那么原子核的数目就会增加,新元素便随之形成。氯元素是17号元素,有17个原子核,钠元素是11号元素,11个原子核,为了满足核外八电子稳定结构,氯就要得到一个电子,而钠则希望失去一个电子,它们二者一拍即合,便形成了氯化钠。地球上的氯化钠简单来说就是这么形成。

海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)(3)

那为什么海水咸而河水不咸呢?

其实很简单,河水中也含有很多氯化钠,但河水最终是要汇聚到海中的,因此把许多盐分带到了海中,使二者咸度有了很大的区分。另外,很多咸水湖存在的原因之一也是由于湖水的不流动性。

海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)(4)

上面只解答了海水中为何含有氯化钠的原因,从化学角度讲,氯化钠只是一种离子化合物,而离子化合物在化学界还有许多,比如氯化钾,硫酸钠,碳酸钙等等,有些并不会让人类觉得咸,那么人为何会觉得氯化钠咸呢?

优秀学生的回答:不仅因为海水中含有氯化钠,还有因为人舌头有专门的钠离子通道感受器。

我们知道人类可以感受的味觉大致可以分为酸、甜、苦、辣、咸这五种味道,而这些味觉的来源离不开舌头上味觉细胞。当我们咀嚼食物时,口腔中唾液和汁液里的各种酶会将食物分解成分子或离子,当这些分子或离子随溶剂(唾液或汁液)接触到味觉细胞时,味觉细胞就会被激活,根据对应的离子或分子不同打开不同的通道,释放神经递质,并将这种信号传回大脑,产生味觉

海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)(5)

而直到2010年,加州大学圣迭戈分校的朱克尔实验室第一个发现咸味的机制是由细胞中的epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)识别的,ENaC可以选择性识别钠离子,而钙离子、钾离子无法被识别,从而证实了钠离子才是导致咸味的关键。

海水为什么是咸的(为什么海洋里的水是咸的)(6)

总结:

总结一下就是海水咸有两方面的原因,一是因为海水中含有大量的氯化钠,二是因为人类舌头具有感受钠离子并传递咸味的神经回路。最后,跟大家讲下,其实咸味也有度量标准的,一般以氯化钠的咸度为1,而其他都比氯化钠稍微小一点,比如氯化钾的咸度是0.6。

那么小伙伴对这个问题有什么见解和想法呢,欢迎在下方留言讨论。

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